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Sufficient air concentration on aerated spillway flows can mitigate the hazard of cavitation damages on concrete surfaces of spillways. In this study, a three-dimensional two-phase flow is modelled numerically and hydraulic characteristics and air concentration over the Gavoshan dam spillway is investigated as a case study using different discharge rates. The discretization of Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations have been carried out by Finite Volume Method (FVM) and Volume of Fluid (VOF) method has been used to distinguish the air–water interface. The k-ε turbulence model is applied to simulate the turbulent flow on the chute and aerator. The outcomes of the study show that there are no significant differences between physical and numerical model results. Presence of aerator causes the cavitation index to increase more than the absence case. As the discharge rate increases, pressure differences between the inner cavity formed immediately downstream of the ramp and the atmosphere increases proportionally. Increasing discharge rate results in air concentration decrement of flow downstream of the aerator. Due to Froude number increment, by decreasing the discharge rate, the aeration coefficient and the air concentration over spillway surface increase.

Investigation of Hydraulic Characteristics and Air Concentration of a 3D Simulated Air-Water Flow on a Spillway with an Aerator Device (A case study)