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Planform of a river may change due to natural and anthropogenic induced fluvial processes. River degradation and its restoration is major issue in the world, especially in alluvial plain. Shifting of its bank line is a threat to engineering structures, agricultural land and nearby dwelling areas. In this study, spatial-temporal changes in planform of the River Ganga from Bhagalpur to Farakka have been studied using Landsat data during 1973–2019. The study reach has been divided into five sub-reaches. Sequential changes in the river planform, bank line position, areas of erosion and deposition, formation of island/bars, mean width of the channel, and sinuosity have been computed and analyzed for the plan form change. Study shows that the river has experienced considerable course change and readjustment in configuration over the last 46 years. More erosion in left bank depicts its greater vulnerability compared to right bank. Sediment deposition on the bed of the river has considerably increased the ratio of island/bars over water surface. Although, planform changes in alluvium river is an autogenic fluvial process but construction of Farakka barrage has increased the rate changes of planform and flooding in upstream area.

Assessment of planform changes of the Ganga River from Bhagalpur to Farakka during 1973 to 2019 using Satellite Imagery