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The transgenic soybean expressing the  cry1Ac  insecticidal gene of the  Bacillus thuringiensis  bacterium has been widely adopted in agriculture. This bacterium acts as an efficient control agent of pest insects due to the expression of different proteins with entomopathogenic activity such as Cry and Vip. This study investigates the toxicity and mode of interaction between the Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry2Aa, Cry2Ab and Vip3Aa proteins against  Chrysodeixis includens  and  Anticarsia gemmatalis  larvae. The combination of the Cry1Ac, Cry2Aa and Vip3Aa toxins had a synergistic effect for  C. includens , however, only Vip3Aa and Cry2Aa exhibited synergistic interaction against  A. gemmatalis . Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac proteins have been shown to share receptors with the two species tested, however, Cry1Ac does not share binding sites with Cry2Aa, Cry2Ab, and Vip3Aa in both species. Besides helping the resistance management to  B. thuringiensis  proteins, the combination of Cry and Vip proteins can increase toxicity through synergistic action.

international journal of pest management

Effect of the Cry1, Cry2 and Vip3 protein combinations on the control of  Anticarsia gemmatalis  (Erebidae) and  Chrysodeixis includens  (Noctuidae) Lepidoptera