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Avrainvillea  is a green macroalgal genus of the family Dichotomosiphonaceae (order Bryopsidales). Many species have been morphologically described, but few studies have addressed the genetic diversity of this genus. Based on a rich collection of specimens from the tropical Western Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, we aimed to (1) reassess  Avrainvillea  species diversity through species delimitation analyses, (2) update their distribution ranges, (3) reconstruct the species phylogenetic relationships, based on a concatenated multilocus matrix ( tuf A,  rbc L and 18S rDNA) and (4) revise their taxonomy and describe new species where necessary. Our species delimitation approach highlighted 23 secondary species hypotheses in our collection, including nine known and currently accepted species, four species complexes ( A. amadelpha, A. lacerata, A. erecta-obscura  and  A. mazei-nigricans ), and eight new species for which we provide descriptions:  A. laciniata  (Papua New Guinea),  A. minima  and  A. pyrochroma  (Madagascar),  A. mollis  and  A. kanakiensis  (New Caledonia),  A. pavonina  (Fiji),  A. spongiosa  (Pacific) and  A. corticata  (Indo-Pacific). We also propose the resurrection of  A. gracillima  Børgesen, the reinstatement of  Avrainvillea lacerata  var.  robustior  A.Gepp &amp; E.S.Gepp, and the synonymy of  A. rotumensis  A.D.R.N’Yeurt, D.S.Littler &amp; Littler with  A. pacifica  A.Gepp &amp; E.S.Gepp. We complemented the taxonomic work by providing a contemporary dichotomous key for morphological identification of all extant species. Our multilocus phylogeny included 25 species of Dichotomosiphonaceae and recovered  Avrainvillea  as a polyphyletic group, divided into three distinct clades, with  Cladocephalus luteofuscus  positioned within the group. The species determined using the species delimitation approach were all monophyletic and 19 of them were highly supported. For the first time, this study also provided genetic sequences for  A. asarifolia, A. clavatiramea, A. digitata, A. elliottii, A. fulva, A. gracillima, A. geppiorum, A. pacifica  and  A. obscura . •  Avrainvillea  is not monophyletic.• Reassessment of  Avrainvillea  species diversity delimited 23 secondary species hypotheses.• Eight new species of  Avrainvillea  were discovered in the Indo-Pacific. •  Avrainvillea  is not monophyletic. • Reassessment of  Avrainvillea  species diversity delimited 23 secondary species hypotheses. • Eight new species of  Avrainvillea  were discovered in the Indo-Pacific.

Diversity of the genus Avrainvillea (Dichotomosiphonaceae, Chlorophyta): new insights and eight new species