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The genus  Amphidinium  is shown in many phylogenies to be basal to other peridinin-containing, photosynthetic dinoflagellates as one of the first photosynthetic genera to arise after the evolution of heterotrophic genera. As part of our continuing examination of the plastid-associated galactolipids, namely mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG, respectively), in dinoflagellates, we here examine the galactolipid composition of members of the genus  Amphidinium . We show that this genus is characterized by an abundance of 20:5(n-3)/18:5(n-3) and 20:5(n-3)/18:4(n-3) forms of MGDG and DGDG (with  sn -1/ sn -2 regiochemical specificity of fatty acids), but also sometimes with generally lesser amounts of some polyunsaturated C 18 /C 18  forms, thus placing the examined species within a previously identified cluster of C 20 /C 18  MGDG- and DGDG-containing, peridinin-containing dinoflagellates. We also show that  Testudodinium testudo , previously known as  Amphidinium testudo , conversely falls within a previously identified C 18 /C 18  cluster, indicating a distinct difference in galactolipid biosynthesis capability. While it is likely that further revision of the genus may occur in the future and/or more basal peridinin-containing, photosynthetic genera may be discovered, at the current time  Amphidinium  is the currently agreed-upon most basal dinoflagellate genus for which isolates are available for biochemical characterization such as what we describe in this paper. Thus, because of the presumed basal position of the genus  Amphidinium , we present a hypothesis that its galactolipids currently represent those that are ancestral to other genera of peridinin-containing dinoflagellates, including those within the C 18 /C 18  cluster.

Galactolipids of the genus Amphidinium (Dinophyceae): an hypothesis that they are basal to those of other peridinin-containing dinoflagellates