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Molecular phylogeny based on concatenated sequences of chloroplast  atp B,  psa A,  psb A,  psb C and  rbc L genes indicates that the filamentous brown alga  Pilinia rimosa  is phylogenetically distant from the Ectocarpales, in which it has been classified (as  Waerniella lucifuga ). In the tree,  Pilinia  was sister to the clade comprised of  Ishige  and  Petroderma  (Ishigeales) supported by high statistical values. Observations of unialgal  P. rimosa  cultures originating from Helgoland (Germany), England (UK), Woods Hole (USA) and Newfoundland (Canada) showed a direct type of life history with reproduction by characteristic unilocular zoidangia typically forming only four zoids. Despite the description of plurilocular zoidangia in Kuckuck’s account as well as in later publications, we conclude that those observations were based on misinterpretation of the very small unilocular zoidangia formed in series, often with longitudinal walls between zoidangia.  Pilinia rimosa  grows in caves or crevices in rocks, and on walls or wood pilings in deep shade in the upper intertidal and spray zone, and is therefore regarded as a marine species, but it could also survive and mature in freshwater medium. We propose the establishment of a new family Piliniaceae for  Pilinia  and place it in Ishigeales. Molecular and morphological analysis of the culture strains, SAG 124.79 and SAG 2381, identified as the euryhaline alga  Porterinema fluviatile , indicated that SAG 124.79 is in fact  P. rimosa . However, SAG 2381 is true  P. fluviatile , also displaying the characteristic plurilocular zoidangia.  Porterinema  was shown to be a member of the Chordariaceae, Ectocarpales  sensu lato .

european journal of phycology

Transfer of  Pilinia  from Ectocarpales to Ishigeales (Phaeophyceae) with proposal of Piliniaceae fam. nov., and taxonomy of  Porterinema  in Ectocarpales