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Dictyosiphon asiaticus  sp. nov. and  D. sparsus  sp. nov. are newly described from Japan and the north-western Pacific. Molecular phylogenies based on the mitochondrial  cox 1 and  cox 3 and chloroplast  atp B,  psa A,  psb A and  rbc L DNA sequences revealed that  Dictyosiphon  comprises at least seven lineages worldwide. Japanese  Dicytosiphon  species formed two clades with high support and were sister to a clade including specimens from the cold-water regions of the northern Pacific, the Arctic, and the north-western Atlantic. Specimens of one of the Japanese clades (=  D. asiaticus  sp. nov.) were morphologically similar to  D. foeniculaceus  (generitype described from Scotland, UK), having densely branched thalli with fine branches, and were epiphytic on  Scytosiphon  spp. and  Chordaria  spp. Specimens of the other Japanese clade (=  D. sparsus  sp. nov.) were morphologically similar to  D. chordaria , having somewhat thicker, sparse branches with blunt tips, and were epiphytic on  Chordaria  spp. We assign the third clade distributed on both sides of the North Pacific to  D. sinicola , which was described from Washington, USA, for the following reasons:  Dictyosiphon  specimens in the region having relatively densely branched thalli with fine tips have been identified as  D. foeniculaceus , and  D. sinicola  was distinguished from them by its remarkably larger thallus, while anatomically they are very similar. However,  D. foeniculaceus  is not widely distributed in the region, with only one genetic lineage (species) reported, so that those two taxa are considered to be ecotypes of the same species, and  D. sinicola  is the valid name for the taxon.

european journal of phycology

Taxonomic revision of  Dictyosiphon  (Ectocarpales  s.l ., Phaeophyceae) from the north-western Pacific, with descriptions of  D. asiaticus  sp. nov. and  D. sparsus  sp. nov