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This study examined the distribution of language expansion in parent–child (preschool aged) mealtime conversations in 30 Chinese middle-class families. The conversations were categorised into four types:  contextualised &amp; conflicted, contextualised &amp; non-conflicted, decontextualised &amp; conflicted,  and  decontextualised &amp; non-conflicted . The language expansions were analysed using the systemic functional linguistic theory related to cohesive patterns in language expansion:  elaborations, extensions , and  enhancements . While the parents dominated the conversations generally, the children were active contributors, initiating over one-quarter of the conversations. Initiation had an impact on the distribution of the conversational types: the proportions of  contextualised &amp; non-conflicted conversations  was significantly higher in child-initiated conversations. The  contextualised &amp; conflicted  conversations accounted for a higher proportion in parent-initiated conversations. It was the conversational type rather than initiation, which had an effect on the distribution of language expansion patterns. The least occurring  decontextualised &amp; conflicted  conversations generated the most  extensions . The frequently appeared  contextualised &amp; non-conflicted  conversations, however, produced the fewest expanded messages. The implications from the findings for promoting high-quality mealtime conversations conducive to children’s language learning are discussed.

Language expansion in Chinese parent–child mealtime conversations: across different conversational types and initiators