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More positive outcome expectations and illness perceptions are associated with better outcomes for patients with several osteoarthritic orthopedic conditions. However, it is unknown whether these factors also influence outcomes of non-operative treatment for first carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMC-1 OA). Therefore, we assess the role of pre-treatment outcome expectations and illness perceptions in reports of pain and hand function 3 months after non-operative treatment for CMC-1 OA. We conducted a cohort study with 219 patients treated non-operatively for CMC-1 OA between September 2017 and October 2018. Patients were included in the study if they completed measures of pain and hand function, illness perceptions (scale: 0–10), and expectations (scale: 3–27) as part of routine outcome measurements. Pain and hand function were measured before treatment and 3 months after starting treatment using the Dutch version of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to assess the influence of outcome expectations and illness perceptions on pain and hand function. Both positive outcome expectations ( B  = 0.64; 95% CI [0.1–1.2]) and a better illness understanding (an illness perception subdomain;  B  = 1.53; 95% CI [0.2–2.9]) at baseline were associated with less pain at 3 months. For hand function, similar estimates were found. We found that positive outcome expectations and a better illness understanding, were associated with a better outcome of non-operative treatment for CMC-1 OA.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONNon-operative treatment can often be successful for patients with arthritis of the thumb.Outcome expectations and illness perceptions are associated with pain and hand function 3 months after non-operative treatment for thumb base osteoarthritis.Improving the outcome expectations and illness perceptions of patients through better education could improve the outcome of non-operative treatment. Non-operative treatment can often be successful for patients with arthritis of the thumb. Outcome expectations and illness perceptions are associated with pain and hand function 3 months after non-operative treatment for thumb base osteoarthritis. Improving the outcome expectations and illness perceptions of patients through better education could improve the outcome of non-operative treatment.

disability and rehabilitation

Associations between positive treatment outcome expectations, illness understanding, and outcomes: a cohort study on non-operative treatment of first carpometacarpal osteoarthritis