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Our previous work revealed the microbiota-dependent beneficial effects of inulin in obese male mice, but the effects in obese female mice were not determined. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese female mice were switched to normal diets and gavaged with normal saline or inulin for 10 weeks. Inulin supplementation significantly accelerated weight loss and reversed HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese female mice, and also reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and enriched the abundance of  norank_f_Muribaculaceae  and  Alistipes . In addition, 52 key serum metabolites were distinctly altered after inulin supplementation. Among them, andrographolide and monoacylglycerols (18:4) increased more than 9-fold and 14-fold, respectively, while phosphatidylcholine (PC) (18:1e/2:0), PC (20:1/20:2) and PC (19:1/19:1) decreased. In conclusion, gut microbiota and metabolites were closely associated with the beneficial effects of inulin in accelerating weight loss in obese female mice.

Alterations of gut microbiome and metabolism induced by inulin associated with weight loss in obese female mice