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As therapeutic antiviral agents, biological nanoparticles can fight the drug-resistant types of viruses helping the antiviral drug development. In this study, two blue-green algal strains;  Oscillatoria  sp. and  Spirulina platensis  were used, mediated by green Ag 2 O|AgO-NPs and Au-NPs, respectively. For NPs characterization, the UV/Vis spectroscopy were used where their formation and crystallinity were proven with  λmax  values for silver and gold NPs of 432 and 552 nm, respectively. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) X-ray diffraction showed a spherical-shaped Ag 2 O|AgO-NPs (size; 14.42 to 48.97) while Au-NPs appeared with octahedral, pentagonal and triangular structures (size; 15.60–77.13 nm). The reducing, capping, and stabilization activities of algal polysaccharides and proteins were indicated via FTIR spectroscopy. Both Ag 2 O|AgO-NPs and Au-NPs were investigated against Herpes Simplex virus (HSV-1) that has been indicated by its reduction activity of cytopathic effect (CPE). Cytotoxicity was evaluated on Vero cells and measured by MTT assay. Results showed a 90% reduction in CPE of HSV-1 applying Ag 2 O|AgO-NPs, and Au-NPs at 31.25 μL., with a high reduction rate (49.23%) with Ag 2 O|AgO-NPs than that of Au-NPs (42.75%). Current results proved the efficiency of green nanotechnology application with both Ag 2 O|AgO-NPs, and Au-NPs as reducing and inhibitory agents for the HSV-1 replication.

international journal of environmental health research

Antiviral activity of algae biosynthesized silver and gold nanoparticles against Herps Simplex (HSV-1) virus in vitro using cell-line culture technique