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The aim of this study was to compare the antibiotic susceptibility of eighty  Escherichia coli  isolates from vegetables and food products of animal origin in Tunisia, and to study their genes encoding antibiotic resistance and  in vitro  biofilm forming capacity. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined, as well as PCR investigation of genes associated with antibiotic resistance. Biofilm formation was tested using four different methods: the microtiter plate-, MTT-staining-, XTT-staining-, and the Congo Red Agar assays. High antibiotic resistance rates were observed for amoxicillin (68.7%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (73.7%), gentamicin (68.7%), kanamycin (66.2%), nalidixic acid (36.2%), streptomycin (68.7%) and tetracycline (35%). The majority of isolates was multidrug resistant and biofilm producer. MTT testing showed that vegetables isolates were significantly higher biofilm producers compared to foods of animal origins. This study showed that  E. coli  isolates from food products were reservoirs of genes encoding antibiotic-resistance and have a high propensity to produce biofilm.

international journal of environmental health research

High rates of antibiotic resistance and biofilm production in  Escherichia coli  isolates from food products of animal and vegetable origins in Tunisia: a real threat to human health