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This work is interested in studying the removal of 27 harmful pollutants from drinking water in the Rosetta branch of the River Nile by advanced treatment processes (i.e. photo-catalysis under natural conditions and normal pH of surface water). The concentration levels of the selected pesticides (11 compounds) in raw water by the spiking method ranged from 1.57–0.40 µg/L, while the concentration of pharmaceuticals (10 compounds) ranged from 41.56–5.95 µg/L and the herbicides (6 compounds) in the range of 1.89–1.37 µg/L. For this purpose, TiO 2 -Hombikat/alumina (T/A) was prepared by a two-step method; sonication followed by the hydrothermal method. Cu/TiO 2 -Hombikat/alumina was prepared hydrothermally (H-Cu/T/Al) and by the wet impregnation method (Ma-Cu/T/Al). The prepared materials were characterized by XRD and SEM. The use of advanced treatment could successfully remove selected pollutants. In the case of pharmaceutical residues, the prepared catalysts showed a powerful efficiency in the complete removal of sulfamethazine, while only (T/A) and (H-Cu/T/Al) showed such an efficiency in the complete removal of diclofenac sodium. On the other hand, lower efficiencies were observed with caffeine (17.99% (T/A) and 24.05% (H-Cu/T/Al)). In the case of pesticides, a high removal of pendimethalin (93.77%) using (H-Cu/T/Al) and 86.03% by using (Mb-Cu/T/Al), whereas lower efficiencies were observed for T/A toward the degradation of aldicarb (15.6%) (l) and H-Cu/T/Al (26.07%). In the case of herbicides, the catalysts showed no more than 57% efficiency in the removal of these pollutants.

Advanced removal of pesticides, herbicides, and pharmaceutical residues from surface water