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Although WO 3  appears to be one of the extensively studied photocatalysts, the low response of pure WO 3  in aqueous solution under visible light limits its application remarkably. In this work, the enhancement of the efficiency of WO 3  for the visible light-driven photocatalytic oxidation of arsenite was explored using Cu 2+  ion and CuO as a co-catalyst. While the addition of Cu 2+  was found effective for the suppression of dissolution of WO 3 , the efficiency of CuO appeared to be slightly lower. Significant improvement of the efficiency for the photocatalytic oxidation of As(III) with WO 3  was noted when Cu 2+  ions and CuO were added. The optimized conditions were WO 3  in the presence of 10 mg L −1  Cu 2+  ion and 1 wt% CuO coupled with WO 3 , respectively. The As(III) concentration of 10 mg L −1  could be lowered to less than 0.1 mg L −1  by the photocatalytic treatment. Acidic pH favours the oxidation of arsenite in the presence of Cu 2+  whereas basic pH is suitable with CuO. Characterization techniques such as TEM, XPS, XRD and UV–DRS were used to characterize photocatalysts. The reactive species scavenger tests revealed that the photo-induced holes (h + ) play a key role in the photocatalytic oxidation process while the effect of •OH is negligible. It was found that As(III) oxidation rate was remarkably suppressed in the nitrogen atmosphere. A mechanism for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation has been proposed based on the results of the reactive species scavenger tests. This research may contribute to the large-scale As(III) oxidation treatment in the groundwater.

Highly efficient visible light-induced photocatalytic oxidation of arsenite with nanosized WO 3 particles in the presence of Cu 2+ and CuO