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Disinfection can be accomplished by adding external chemical agents to kill harmful microorganisms or by removing them using membranes. However, most chemicals are toxic for humans and animals if it is consumed above a certain concentration. Likewise, membranes have fouling problems. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of diode laser, which is an environmentally friendly application, on pathogenic microorganisms such as  Escherichia coli  (ATCC 10536),  Staphylococcus aureus  (ATCC 6538) and  Candida albicans.  To reveal the effect of diode laser on aforementioned, various parameters have been studied on how diode laser type, laser irradiation time, laser power density, laser penetration efficiency and biofilm inhibition affect microorganisms. As a result of the study, it was observed that the blue laser was more effective than red and green lasers, and the inhibition rates for 15 min at 0.36 W/cm 2  laser power density were 65.9% &gt; 34.52% &gt; 43.63% for  S. aureus ,  E. coli  and  C. albicans , respectively. After 30 min of blue laser irradiation, the microbial growth inhibitions were found as 85.39%, 41.18% and 54.55% for  S. aureus ,  E. coli  and  C. albicans , respectively. The highest biofilm inhibition was 94.61% when  S. aureus  cells were exposed to blue laser irradiation for 60 min. The microbial growth kinetics on three microorganisms were tested by using at 0.54 W/cm 2  laser power density for 28 h, and there were not observed any microbial development in microbial cultures. Moreover, blue laser irradiation was successfully disinfected wastewater and natural milk at 0.54 W/cm 2  laser power density.

environmental technology

Investigation of diode laser effect on the inactivation of selected Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and yeast and its disinfection on wastewater and natural milk