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Perchlorate () industrial wastewater requires efcient removal to prevent adverse environmental impacts, however, high concentration and low biodegradability give rise to poorbioreduction performance.-autotrophic granular sludge (-AuGS) was firstly cultivated for high concentration perchlorate () removal in the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor (: 150 mg L −1 ). Simultaneously, thewas utilized to control thegeneration as electron donor, the effluentconcentration (190 mg L −1 ) was satisfied with drinking water standard (250 mg L −1 ). Under the optimized condition of hydraulic retention time (HRT) (6 h) and/molar ratio (2.2), more EPS was secreted, which promoted the-AuGS formation and stability. Though acclimation of 146 d, the-AuGS was formed with a large average granular sludge size (612 μm) and an excellent settleability (sludge volume index: SVI 5 /SVI 30  = 1). With the mature-AuGS formation, the highestandloading was increased to 1.06 and 0.75 kg m −3  d −1 . Interestingly,  Georgfuchsia ,  Methyloversatilis ,  Sulfurisoma,  and  Exiguobacterium  were the main microbial community in the-AuGS. This study proposed to form a novel-AuGS for developing the highconcentration removal performance and to utilize theas an electron donor for controlling the excessivegeneration.

Perchlorate bioreduction in UASB reactor: S 2- -autotrophic granular sludge formation and sulphate generation control