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The capacity of three inocula (sewer biofilm, mangrove and estuary sediment) to utilise typical fermentation products of municipal solid waste for biological sulfate reduction was investigated. Each inoculum was used in two reactors, one fed a mixture of volatile fatty acids and another fed glucose to provide a suite of fermentation products via naturally occurring fermentation. Following 228 days of reactor operation, reactors inoculated with mangrove and estuary sediments exhibited higher sulfate reducing efficiencies (80–88%) compared to the biofilm-inoculated reactors (32–49%). Minimal use of acetate and its accumulation in the biofilm-inoculated reactors pointed to the high abundance of incomplete-oxidising sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB),  Desulfovibrio  and  Desulfobulbus  (90–96% of the sulfate reducing population). Although  Desulfovibrio  was also prominent in reactors inoculated with mangrove and estuary sediments,  Desulfobacter , a known acetoclastic sulfate reducer, emerged from trace levels in these sediment (0.01% abundance in the estuary sediments and below detection in the mangrove sediments) to comprise 14%–70% of the sulfate reducing population at the end of reactor operation.

Influence of inoculum selection on the utilisation of volatile fatty acid and glucose in sulfate reducing reactors