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This article examines the role of caste organisations in the process of social mobility of a marginalised Muslim  birādarī,  focusing specifically on the Rayeen (vegetable sellers) caste. The article maps the caste  panchāyat,  association, and Foundation, highlighting their respective role and function in the process of social mobility and political representation. I show that the various organisations complement each other in the overall process. Caste  panchāyat  relies on the traditional authority of the head of the caste group (the  chaudharī ) to regulate the internal affairs of  birādarī  members. The caste association attempts to consolidate the group’s collective identity and foster unity to exert influence in the electoral process. Finally, caste members also run organisations at the local level, such as the Rayeen Foundation, trying to expand the reach of their activities beyond the  birādarī , appealing to universal principles. Collectively these organisations strive to claim a higher status for the Rayeens. The article’s contribution is to highlight the interactions between the multiple caste organisations in facilitating the transformation of group identity and the process of social mobility experienced by a marginalised Muslim caste group.

Social mobility and politicisation of caste among the Rayeens of Uttar Pradesh