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This study aimed to investigate the use of probiotic lactic acid bacteria including  Lactobacillus brevis, L. plantarum ,  L. helveticus  and  L. delbrueckii  from dairy products against  Penicillium digitatum  (green mold) on sweet orange fruit. Antifungal activity of  Lactobacillus  spp. was first assayed using bacterial cells through the overlay method against 10 5  spore/mL suspension of  P. digitatum . Also,  P. digitatum  growth inhibition was measured in the PDA medium containing 15 and 30% cell-free supernatant (CFS) of  Lactobacillus  spp. Antifungal activity of  Lactobacillus  spp. was evaluated under storehouse conditions by treating wounded fruits with 10 8 /mL cell suspension (CS) and 30% CFS of  Lactobacillus  spp., which then infected with 10 5 /mL spore suspension of  P. digitatum . The CS and CFS of  L. plantarum  had the best antifungal activity under both  in vitro  and in  vivo  conditions followed by  L. helveticus ,  L. delbrueckii  and  L. brevis .  L. plantarum . The 15 and 30%  L. plantarum  CFS were able to inhibit the growth of  P. digitatum  by 30.31%, 76.82% and 97.6% respectively, under  in vitro  conditions. Also,  L. plantarum  CS and 30% CFS reduced the growth of the  P. digitatum  on the fruit by 92.77 and 98.9% respectively, under storehouse conditions. The total content of all sugars of treated fruits with  Lactobacillus  spp., CS and CFS showed significant difference compared to untreated fruits. Therefore, the present study highlights the successful application of biological fungicides based on secondary compounds of  Lactobacillus  spp. due to greater stability of metabolites than bacterial cells in the environment.

biocontrol science and technology

Application of  Lactobacillus  spp. for the biological management of green mold ( Penicillium digitatum ) on sweet orange fruit under  in vitro  and storehouse conditions