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Entomopathogenic fungi (EF) and nematodes (EPN) can infect pupae of  C. capitata  Wiedemann in the soil, where they are protected from most control measures. This study evaluated infective juvenile (IJs) density to achieve high control efficiency, the residual effect of commercial strains of  Heterorhabitidis bacteriophora  (Poinar) and  Steinernema carpocapsae  (Weiser), and their combined application with  Beauveria bassiana (Balsam) Vuillemin  LCB289 on pupae mortality. Applying 10 6  IJs m −2  of both EPN species to columns with sandy Yellow Ultsol at laboratory temperature (24.0 ± 2°C) caused pupae mortality higher than 80%. Probit analysis showed that the curves for the EPN species had statistically similar slopes, with LC 50  of 3.57 × 10 6  for  H. bacteriophora  and 2.12 × 10 6  for  S. carpocapsae . The former showed a median potency 36% higher than  H. bacteriophora.  Microscope observations showed that infection by both species resulted in the melanization of pupae and no visual differences in the EPN growth in the cadavers. In a long-term experiment in greenhouse conditions (T = 26.5 ± 4.2°C; Ru = 62.7% ± 22.5), a single application of  S. carpocapsae  in columns with sandy Ultisol showed a residual effect of 21 days, while for  H. bacteriophora  it was lower than 15 days. Concomitant application of  S. carpocapsae  and the virulent EF strain  B. bassiana  LCB289 in columns with sandy soil in a greenhouse experiment in the same conditions (T = 26.5 ± 4.2°C; Ru = 68.5% ± 23.3) increased the median potency of the BCAs, resulting in a lower lethal concentration applied (LC 50 ).

Combining the virulent Beauveria bassiana (Balsam) Vuillemin LCB289 and nematode strains to control pupae of Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann