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The flea beetle  Nisotra uniformis  Jacoby is a widespread pest of malvaceous crops for which synthetic chemical insecticides remain the principal control tool, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. With the ultimate aim of developing a microbial alternative for  N. uniformis  control, we conducted laboratory experiments (25 ± 1°C; 70 - 80% RH) to evaluate the biological attributes of three Cameroonian isolates of the entomopathogenic fungi  Beauveria bassiana  (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin and  Metarhizium anisopliae  sensu lato (Metchnikoff) Sorokin. Spore germination rates of the isolates varied from 0.5% after 4 hrs to 100% after 24 hrs on PDA medium, with MIITAC11.3.4 spores germinating fastest. Pathogenicity tests consisted of dipping adult beetles in conidial suspensions. All isolates were pathogenic to  N. uniformis , with corrected mortalities varying between 23.3 - 86.7%. BIITAC-O-2 had the lowest LC 50  at 5.17 × 10 6  conidia/ml, while MIITAC11.3.4 and BIITAC6.2.2 had LC 50  at 4.11 × 10 7  conidia/ml, and 2.00 × 10 8  conidia/ml, respectively. BIITAC6.2.2 produced the shortest time to the highest mortality rate (1.17 days) and the shortest LT 50  of 1.64 days but only at the highest concentration, followed by the two highest concentrations of MIITAC11.3.4 (LT 50  at 3.43 and 5.70 days). The  c  parameter in the Weibull model showed that BIITAC-O-2 caused the highest rate of increase in mortality (2.42) at the highest concentration, followed by MIITAC11.3.4 (1.09) and BIITAC6.2.2 (0.50). The results of our study provide the basis for including  N. uniformis  in the ongoing development of BIITAC6.2.2 and MIITAC11.3.4 into biopesticide while continuing with further laboratory studies on BIITAC-O-2.

biocontrol science and technology

Potential of Cameroon-indigenous isolates of the entomopathogenic fungi  Beauveria bassiana  and  Metarhizium anisopliae  as microbial control agents of the flea beetle  Nisotra uniformis