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Anastatus japonicus  Ashmead , A. fulloi  Sheng, and Wang ,  and  A. dexingensis  Sheng and Wang are vital biocontrol agents for the univoltine litchi stink bug  Tessaratoma papillosa  (Drury) in Taiwan as well as other invasive hemipteran and lepidopteran pests worldwide. An effective augmentative biocontrol programme was established with  Anastatus  parasitoids produced using eggs of the ailanthus silkmoth ( Samia cynthia  (Drury)) as factitious hosts. The study’s objective was to evaluate the immature development and adult performance of three  Anastatus  parasitoid species at 20, 25, and 30°C. The highest numbers of female and total progeny were produced by  A. japonicus  at 25°C and by  A. dexingensis  and  A. fulloi  at 20°C and 30°C, respectively.  Anastatus japonicus  had higher parasitism rates than  A. dexingensis  and  A. fulloi  at all three temperatures. The female ratios increased from 24.9% at 20°C to 70.4% at 30°C. The highest female ratios were recorded during the first two weeks of reproduction, and male progeny’s proportion gradually increased with female age.  Anastatus japonicus  was selected as the biocontrol agent for mass production based on its high fecundity and female progeny production rates. The field parasitism from the three release sites showed 30–40% of field parasitism during the first nine days of release. A significant reduction of field parasitism occurred after rainfall. The  A. japonicus  production system developed herein using the eggs of the factitious ailanthus silkmoth host could be commercialised to provide biocontrol against other hemipteran and lepidopteran pests species.

biocontrol science and technology

Effects of abiotic factors on the immature development, adult performance, and field parasitism of mass-reared  Anastatus  parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)