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Downy mildew, caused by  Plasmopara viticola , is a highly significant grapevine disease causing severe yield losses and affecting wine quality. Disease control mainly relies on use of copper and synthetic fungicides. Today there is a growing interest in developing microbial biopesticides for downy mildew control in integrated and organic viticulture. Here, the bacterial biocontrol agent  Lysobacter capsici  AZ78 (AZ78) was tested following a holistic approach including  in planta  efficacy test (large-scale trial) combined with bioassays aiming to assess potential adverse effects on non-target organisms: beneficial arthropods ( Aphidius rhopalosiphi  and  Typhlodromus pyri ), the crustacean  Daphnia magna , the algae  Selenastrum capricornutum  and soil organisms [earthworm  Eisenia (Ei.) fetida  and worm  Enchytraeid (En.) albidus ]. Moreover, side effects of AZ78 treatments on grape quality and wine-making process were assessed. The results showed that AZ78 was equally effective to reference fungicide (Kocide®2000) in controlling downy mildew on leaves and bunches. AZ78 had no significant effect on the mortality of the indicator arthropod species at a Limit test Rate, which was equal to four times the recommended field rate. Additionally, no significant effects (mortality, growth rate or reproduction) were observed on  D. magna, Ei. albidus, En. fetida  and  S. capricornutum,  indicating AZ78 low toxicity on non-target organisms. Likewise, the yeast population dynamics in fermenting musts was not affected, without compromising the fermentation processes and wine quality. Overall, this study provides new insights into the characterisation of the biocontrol agent AZ78 showing that this bacterium has the potential to be further developed as a commercial biopesticide.

Evaluation of plant protection efficacy in field conditions and side effects of Lysobacter capsici AZ78, a biocontrol agent of Plasmopara viticola