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The consumption of  Caesalpinia coriaria  dry ground fruit ( Ccgf ) and a  Duddingtonia flagrans  chlamydospore suspension ( DfchS ) either individually or in combination for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) was assessed in sheep. Forty-five lambs infected with GIN were distributed into five groups (n = 9): Group 1:  DfChS  at 5 × 10 5  chlamydospores /kg BW; Group 2:  Ccgf  at 10% of the total diet; Group 3: Combination of both treatments; Group 4: Levamisole at 6 mg/kg BW; and Group 5: Control. The  DfChS  was orally administered every third day for 15 days; while the  Ccgf , was daily offered during the same period. Faecal egg counts and coprocultures were established. Mean faecal egg accounts (EPG) and infective larvae from coprocultures were recorded. The highest EPG reductions were obtained on the 17th day with the treated group (72.1%); followed by  Ccgf  group (69.1%) at day 13 and  DfchS  group (62.6%) also on the 17th day; though, no significant differences were found among treatments. The highest larval reductions were observed with the combined treatment 97.7% (day 17); followed by  DfchS  group: 96.2% (day 11) and  Ccgf  group: 70% (day 11). The EPG and larvae reductions achieved with  DfchS  and  Ccgf  could be associated to the anthelmintic compounds present in both fungi and plants. The combined use of  DfchS  and  Ccgf  against GIN in sheep under grazing conditions seems to be a promising alternative for GIN control in sheep.

biocontrol science and technology

Assessing the individual and combined use of  Caesalpinia coriaria  (Plantae: Fabaceae) and  Duddingtonia flagrans  (Fungi: Orbiliaceae) as sustainable alternatives of control of sheep parasitic nematodes