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Hikiagesha , or returnees from Japanese overseas colonial territories, occupy an ambivalent position within Japanese narratives on imperialism. Deprived of their perceived home in the colonies, they became a domestic Other situated in the margins of history as post-war Japanese society distanced itself from its past adventures in Empire-building. Some  hikiagesha , however, became cultural producers and openly challenged post-war amnesic forgetting of the workings of Japanese imperialism. This article analyses two pieces of short fiction written in the 1950s and 1960s by returnees who were born in Korea during the colonial period (1910–1945) – Kajiyama Toshiyuki’s  The Remembered Shadow of the Yi-Dynasty  ( Richō zan’ei , 1963) and Kobayashi Masaru’s  Ford 1927  ( Fōdo senkyūhyakunijūnana-nen , 1956). I discuss how the texts negotiate the memory of Japanese colonialism in Korea and argue that the  hikiagesha  share a deep-seated ambivalence towards both Japan’s role as an imperial power and Korea as the place of their childhood. While generally critical of Japanese imperialism, their narratives are caught between conflicting post-war discourses concerning the memory of the colonial period.

Ambivalent encounters: colonial memory in the literature of two Japanese returnees from Korea