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Sociodemographic status and medical problems were widely reported as the major factors in people living with HIV (PLHIV) with lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, lifestyles and cultural changes are rarely studied. A multicentred cross-sectional study was conducted among 137 virally suppressed PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in northern Malaysia by face-to-face interviews and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF questionnaire. It was to explore their health and socioeconomic status, lifestyles, and associations with different HRQoL domains. The result of multiple linear regression showed that smoking was a predominant risk factor of lower physical (beta coefficient (β): −5.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): −9.97 to −1.66;  p  = 0.006), social (β: −8.76, 95% CI: −15.12 to −2.40;  p  = 0.007), and environmental domain scores (β: −10.25, 95% CI: −15.21 to −5.30;  p  &lt; 0.001). Poor physical health also associated with unemployment ( p  &lt; 0.001) and adverse drug reaction ( p  = 0.015). Ethnicity was a significant factor of psychological ( p  = 0.007) and environment domain score ( p  = 0.009). HRQoL of PLHIV is strongly associated with their lifestyles and societal class. Mandatory lifestyle screening, behavioural interventions and re-employment assistance should be implemented on all PLHIV.

aids care

Health-related quality of life and its association with sociodemographic, economic, health status and lifestyles among HIV-positive patients in northern Malaysia