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Binary translators, which translate the binary executables from one instruction set to another, are useful tools. Indirect branches are one of the key factors that affect the efficiency of binary translators. In the previous research, our lab developed an LLVM-based binary translation framework, called  Rabbit . Rabbit introduces novel optimisations:  platform-dependent hyperchaining  and  platform-independent hyperchaining  for improving the emulation of the  indirect branch  instructions. Indirect branch instructions may have several destinations, and these destinations are not known until runtime. Both platform-independent and platform-dependent hyperchaining establish a search table for each indirect branch instruction to record the visited branch destinations at runtime. In this work, we focus on the translation from AArch64 binary to RISC-V binary and further develop the  profile-guided optimisation for indirect branch , which collects runtime information, including branch destinations and execution frequency of each destination for each indirect branch instruction, and then use the information to improve hyperchaining (i.e. accelerate the process of finding the branch destination). The profile-guided optimisation can be divided to  profile-guided platform-independent hyperchaining  and  profile-guided platform-dependent hyperchaining . We finally use SPEC CPU 2006 CINT benchmark to evaluate the optimisations. The experiment results indicate that compared with (1) no chaining, (2) platform-independent hyperchaining and (3) platform-dependent hyperchaining, profile-guided platform-independent hyperchaining provides 1.123×, 1.066× and 1.098× speedup respectively. Similarly, profile-guided platform-dependent hyperchaining achieves 1.106×, 1.047× and 1.083× speedup with respect to the above three configurations, respectively.

Profile-guided optimisation for indirect branches in a binary translator