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This study aimed to investigate serum levels of adiponectin, and the mRNA expression of forkhead box C2 (FOXC2) and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) in visceral adipose tissue obtained from patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy pregnant women. Venous blood samples were obtained from 60 pregnant women with gestational normal glucose tolerance (GNGT) and 21 patients with GDM. Visceral adipose tissues were obtained from 11 women with GDM and 30 with GNGT. Serum adiponectin levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and FOXC2 and GLUT4 mRNA expression were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Serum adiponectin concentrations were lower in the women with GDM than in the controls ( p  &lt; .05). FOXC2 and GLUT4 mRNA expression were decreased in visceral adipose tissue of GDM women than in the controls ( p  &lt; .05). Correlation analyses showed that FOXC2 tended to have a positive correlation with GLUT4 in GDM patients' visceral adipose tissue ( p  =.0564). Our results revealed that decreased adiponectin, FOXC2, and GLUT4 expression were associated with increased risk of GDM and the regulation mechanism of GLUT4 mediated by FOXC2 would be the focus of further studies.

Forkhead box C2 is associated with insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus