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The aim was to investigate effects of ambient temperature-humidity index (THI) on the reproductive indices of 920 Holstein (HO) cows in the subtropics. THI was categorized as low: below 70; moderate: from 70 to 75 and high: more than 75. The high THI significantly (P &lt; 0.001) prolonged the periods of calving interval, days open and dry period, and increased the service per conception rate. The conception rate in the high THI group (17.31%) was significantly (P &lt; 0.001) lower than that noticed in both low (36.96%) and moderate THI (31.61%) groups. Meanwhile, high THI significantly increased the embryonic loss (P &lt; 0.001) and abortion (P=0.043) rates compared with low (14.62% and 8.89%; respectively) and moderate (22.84%; and 11.17%; respectively) THI groups. The high THI group had a significantly (P=0.001) greater embryonic losses than the other groups. Conclusively, THI over 75 deteriorates the reproductive indices of Holstein cows.

Effect of environmental thermal stress on reproductive performance of Holstein cows in Egypt