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This study reports the copro-prevalence of giardiasis in sheep and cattle populations of nomadic communities in Multan-Pakistan. For this purpose, a total of 184 faecal samples were collected from cattle (n = 92) and sheep (n = 92) raised by the nomads. All samples were analyzed by using species-specific ELISA kits for the detection of copro-antigen of  Giardia duodenalis . Results showed that the overall prevalence of giardiasis was 21.20%, whereas, in sheep and cattle, the prevalence rates were 19.18% and 23.91%, respectively. Age, clinico-physical status and drinking water source showed significant association (P &lt; 0.05) with giardiasis in both sheep and cattle. Breed, history of gastrointestinal problems and routine vaccination were also significant (P &lt; 0.05) risk factors in sheep but not in cattle. Deworming history had a significant association (P &lt; 0.05) with giardiasis in cattle population only. Conversely, sex, herd size, farmers’ educational status, feeding pattern, physiological status, contact with wildlife and  Giardia -susceptible animals and hygienic condition of housing facility showed non-significant association (P &gt; 0.05) with giardiasis. In conclusion, the cattle and sheep raised by the nomads are infected with giardiasis and may pose a serious threat to susceptible animal and human populations in their surrounding regions.

biological rhythm research

Copro-ELISA-based prevalence and risk determinants of giardiasis in cattle and sheep populations raised by socio-economically deprived urban nomadic communities located in and around Multan, Punjab-Pakistan