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The circadian clock allows the body to coordinate physiology with the light and dark cycles of the day. One of the critical components of the molecular clock machinery is  the PER  family of circadian clock genes, including  PER1, PER2 , and  PER3 . The  PER3P1  (or  PER4 ) is the only molecular clock-related pseudogene that has been derived from the  PER3  gene. Pseudogenes have an essential role in the regulation of gene expression. In this study, we investigated the  PER3P1  fluctuations and their effects on the  PER3  expression level. We hypothesized that  the PER3P1  pseudogene suppresses clock-related miRNAs and positively affects clock genes levels. The results showed that  PER3P1  and its parent gene had a corresponding oscillatory expression pattern. The overexpression of  PER3P1  increased the mRNA level of  PER3 . In contrast, the downregulation of  PER3  decreased  PER3P1  expression. Furthermore,  PER3P1  modulates the expression level of other clock genes, including  PER1, PER2, CRY1 , and  CRY2 . Our results suggest that  the PER3P1  pseudogene may positively affect the  PER3  and other clock-related gene expressions.

PER3P1 pseudogene modulates PER3 oscillation: a new player in the molecular clock network