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To review and summarize information on meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) epidemiology in Africa. A systematic search of online databases was conducted for literature/studies on MGD in Africa. Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of MGD in Africa. Meta-regression was used to explore sources of heterogeneity. Twelve studies conducted in five countries were included in the review. All studies were hospital-based studies. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis; the total sample size was 4963 and participants’ age range was 17–96 years. The overall prevalence estimate of MGD in Africa was 45.9% (95% CI: 27.6–64.1%). Prevalence of MGD among males and females were each pooled from three studies and in urban and rural setting from 6 and 3 studies, respectively. Prevalence of MGD among males and females were 56.0% (95% CI: 22.4–89.5%) and 58.9% (95% CI: 28.5–89.4%) respectively; in urban and rural settings were 42.8% (95% CI: 21.1–64.5%) and 65.7% (95% CI: 25.7–95.7%), respectively. There was no association of MGD with sex ( p  = .872) and with study setting ( p  = .231). There is a paucity of evidence on MGD prevalence in Africa, emphasizing the need for epidemiological studies to enhance our understanding of region-specific differences in MGD in Africa. The pooled estimate from hospital-based studies, however, suggests a substantial MGD burden in Africa. Epidemiological studies are needed to assess if this translates to a high disease burden within the general African population.

PREVALENCE OF MEIBOMIAN GLAND DYSFUNCTION IN AFRICA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES