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In this work, epoxy (EP) resin composites with multi-scale reinforcements were prepared by hand lay-up and hot-pressing. The epoxy was reinforced with basalt fibers (BF) modified with a silane coupling agent (KH560). Carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were also grafted onto the surface of the modified BF using an impregnation method to achieve BF/CNTs multi-scale reinforcement. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that KH560 was successfully grafted onto the BF surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicated a better resin adhesion on the BF and thus a stronger interfacial interaction in the BF/CNTs-reinforced composite. It was observed that the mass fraction of KH560 was a significant parameter in achieving desirable CNT immobilization and mechanical properties of the composites. At an optimal mass fraction of KH560 (5%), the tensile, flexural, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the modified composite (BF-5%KH560-CNT/EP) increased by 12.5%, 20.9%, and 25.5% respectively compared with the BF-washed/EP composite due to more efficient load transfer. In addition, compared with BF-washed/EP, the decomposition onset temperature of BF-5%KH560-CNT/EP increased from 387°C to 396°C, the maximum decomposition rate temperature increased from 400°C to 408°C, and the residual weight increased by 5.8%.

Enhanced interfacial interaction, mechanical properties and thermal stability of basalt fiber/epoxy composites with multi-scale reinforcements