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Calcium silicate (CS) composite materials are widely applied in cementitious materials and bone tissue engineering. Extensive studies focused on the traditional organic templates (e.g., surfactant), however, introducing the natural polymers to participate in the synthesis of CS has rarely been studied. In this paper, two kinds of modified natural polymers, i.e., gelatinized sticky rice starch (G-SRS), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), were used to participate in the synthesis of CS as a novel green organic templating. The morphology, physicochemical properties of CS composites were investigated by TEM-EDS, FE-SEM, FT-IR, BET, and the mechanical properties of CS compacted pellets were determined by the compressive strength and nanoindentation test. The results show that the particle size, particle shape and pore size of the natural polymer/CS composite were effectively controlled, compared to CS. Specifically, SRS/CS composite exhibited universal spherical CS particle morphology, and the CMC/CS composite exhibited finer particle morphology. Addition of natural polymer increased the compressive strength of CS composite, and 3%SRS/CS with uniform spherical particles structure showed ~62% and ~185% increase in the indentation hardness and elastic modulus, compared to the control CS sample. After the nanoindentation test, the polymer bonding was found in the crack structure of 3%SRS/CS, implying that the SRS/CS composite has the self-healing ability. This work reported the innovative synthesis process, green templating design and techniques, paving the path for designing the bioinspired natural polymer/CS composite structural materials.

Morphology-controlled calcium silicate and natural polymer composite materials: synthesis, structure and mechanical properties