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We investigated the possible protective effects of rituximab (RTX) on LPS-induced oxidant, inflammatory, and apoptotic adverse actions via the inhibition of TRPM2 channel in the adult retinal pigment epithelial-19 (ARPE-19) cells. In the cultured ARPE-19 cells, we induced five main groups as control, RTX (10 μg/ml), LPS (1 μg/ml), LPS+RTX, and LPS+TRPM2 blockers (ACA or 2/APB). The levels of apoptosis, cell death, mitochondrial free reactive oxygen radicals (mitROS), cytosolic ROS, lipid peroxidation, caspase −3, caspase −8, caspase −9, ADP-ribose-induced TRPM2 current density, TNF-α, IL-1β, cytosolic free Zn 2+ , and Ca 2+  were increased by LPS, although their levels were diminished by the treatments of RTX and TRPM2 blockers. The LPS-induced mitROS, inflammatory cytokine, and apoptosis levels were modulated via TRPM2 inhibition in the human retinal epithelial cells by the RTX treatment. The RTX may be considered as a new therapeutic approach to LPS-induced human retinal epithelial cell injury.

ocular immunology and inflammation

Rituximab Attenuated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Inflammation in the Human Retina Cells via Modulating the TRPM2 Signaling Pathways