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Multifunctional nanocarriers as a promising platform could provide numerous opportunities in the field of drug delivery. Drug carriers loaded with both magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and therapeutic agents would allow the combination of chemotherapy with the possibility of monitoring or controlling the distribution of the nano vehicles in the body which may improve the effectiveness of the therapy. Furthermore, by applying these strategies, triggering drug release and/or synergistic hyperthermia treatment are also reachable. This study aimed to explore the potential of the quercetin (QUR) loaded magnetic nano-micelles for improving drug bioavailability while reducing the drug adverse effects. The bio-safety of developed QUR loaded magnetic nano-micelles (QMNMs) were conducted  via  mitochondrial toxicity using isolated rat liver mitochondria including glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). QMNMs with a mean particle size of 85 nm (PDI value of 0.269) and great physical stability were produced. Also, TEM images indicated that the prepared QMNMs were semi-spherical in shape. These findings also showed that the constructed QMNMs, as a pH-sensitive drug delivery system, exhibited a stable and high rate of QUR release under mildly acidic conditions  p H (5.3) compared to neutral  p H (7.4). The most striking result to emerge from the data is that an investigation of various mitochondrial functional parameters revealed that both QMNMs and QUR have no specific mitochondrial toxicity. Altogether, these results offer overwhelming evidence for the bio-safety of QMNMs and might be used as an effective drug delivery system for targeting and stimuli-responsive QUR delivery.

Self-assembled magnetic polymeric micelles for delivery of quercetin: Toxicity evaluation on isolated rat liver mitochondria