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Background:  Severe nitrogen oxide poisoning can lead to life-threatening pulmonary injury. Methods:  we report two cases of severe nitrogen-oxide-induced hypoxia treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). After exposure, the conditions of both patients continued to deteriorate despite maximal mechanical ventilation with a fraction of inspired oxygen of 100%; therefore, we started veno-venous ECMO. The times from presentation to the initiation of ECMO in the two patients were 1 and 2 days. The hypoxemia and respiratory failure improved quickly after ECMO support. Results:  The patients were discharged without complications. The durations of ECMO for the two patients were 5 and 6 days. Conclusion:  This report describes how early ECMO support was used to treat potentially fatal pulmonary injury after exposure to nitrogen oxide. The duration of the ECMO run is a critical determinant of patient survival.

inhalation toxicology

Successful treatment of pulmonary injury due to nitrogen oxide exposure with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a report of two cases and literature review