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To investigate the effects of microwave ablation (MWA) on visible benign thyroid nodules (BTN) with different internal characteristics. A total of 51 cases with 53 visible BTN were treated by ultrasound-guided percutaneous MWA. The 53 nodules were classified into three categories according to the internal characteristics, which were simple solid, mainly solid and mainly cystic nodules. Ultrasound examinations were performed to evaluate the volume shrinkage rations during follow-up. The thyroid functions and the cervical cosmetic scores were evaluated. The complications were observed during and after ablation. A total of 53 symptomatic BTN were treated by MWA completely. The average volume of the nodules was 11.68 ± 10.16 ml, the volume reduction rates (VRR) at 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 18th months after ablation were 0.29 ± 0.27, 0.46 ± 0.25, 0.67 ± 0.19, 0.83 ± 0.10, and 0.92 ± 0.10, respectively. The VRR was significantly different among the three categories of lesions ( p &lt;  0.05). The symptoms of all patients were improved. Thyroid function indicators were fluctuated in normal range. There were no serious complications during and after the procedure. MWA of visible BTN is safe and effective, and the short-time ablation effect is significantly different due to the internal characteristics of the nodule.

Microwave Ablation of Visible Benign Thyroid Nodules with Different Internal Characteristics: A Comparative Study with Follow-up Results