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While efficacy trials suggest that Animal Visitation Programs (AVPs) relieve university student stress, their essential components are unknown. Students were randomly assigned to one of four 10-min conditions: AVP  touch  ( n  = 73), AVP  proximity  ( n  = 62), AVP  imagery  ( n  = 57), or AVP  waitlist  ( n  = 57). Participants collected salivary cortisol (Cort) and α-amylase (sAA) upon waking and at 15 and 25 min post-condition from which parameters indicating adaptive physiological functioning were calculated. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that students in all three comparison conditions had lower posttest sAA ( βproximity  = −0.175,  p  = 0.017;  βimagery  = −0.214,  p  = 0.003;  βwaitlist  = −0.138,  p  = 0.051), lower sAA-to-Cort ratios (AOCs) from pretest to posttest ( βproximity  = −0.277,  p  &lt; 0.001;  βimagery  = −0.307,  p  &lt; 0.001;  βwaitlist  = −0.172,  p  = 0.014), lower AOCs from wakeup to posttest ( βproximity  = −0.135,  p  = 0.010;  βimagery  = −0.150,  p  = 0.004;  βwaitlist  = −0.117,  p  = 0.021), and a smaller sAA increase from wakeup to posttest ( βproximity  = −0.216,  p  = 0.001;  βimagery  = −0.247,  p  &lt; 0.001;  βwaitlist  = −0.130,  p  = 0.033) compared with the AVP  touch  condition, indicating greater autonomic arousal (sAA) and coordination of stress systems (AOCs) in AVP  touch  participants. These results suggest that touch is the primary AVP component facilitating adaptive stress-related physiological states among participating university students.

Effects of Essential Animal Visitation Program (AVP) Components on Students’ Salivary α-Amylase and Amylase-to-Cortisol Ratios