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Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation of  Listeria monocytogenes  on food-contact surfaces result in serious safety concerns. This study aimed to explore the antibiofilm efficacy of pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (PCA) against  L. monocytogenes . Crystal violet staining assay demonstrated that PCA reduced the biofilm biomass of  L. monocytogenes . The 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide reduction and flow cytometric assays indicated that PCA attenuated the metabolic activity of  L. monocytogenes  biofilm together with a decrease in viability. Morphologic observations revealed that PCA exposure collapsed the biofilm architecture. PCA administration of 0.75 mg ml −1  decreased the excretion of extracellular DNA, protein and polysaccharide by 48.58%, 61.60% and 75.63%, respectively. PCA failed to disperse the mature biofilm, even at 1.5 mg ml −1 . However, PCA suppressed  L. monocytogenes  adhesion on common food-contact surfaces. Additionally, PCA exposure suppressed the hemolytic activity of  L. monocytogenes.  These findings suggested that PCA might serve as an alternative antibiofilm agent to control  L. monocytogenes  contamination.

Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid inhibits biofilm formation and suppresses the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes