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This study evaluated the effects of micrometric or nano-sized sodium hexametaphosphate (HMPnano), combined or not with fluoride (NaF, 1100 ppm), on dual-species biofilms of  Streptococcus mutans  and  Candida albicans . Biofilms were treated with solutions containing the polyphosphates at 0.5% or 1.0%, with/without fluoride (F), in addition to positive and negative controls. Biofilms were analysed by colony-forming units (CFU) counting, metabolic activity, production of biomass, composition of extracellular matrix, and structure. 1% HMPnano + F led to the lowest  S. mutans  CFU, while  C. albicans  CFU counts were not affected by any solution. 1% HMPnano led to the lowest metabolic activity, except for 1% HMPnano + F. All solutions promoted reductions in biofilm biomass compared to controls. Also, 1% HMPnano + F promoted the lowest concentrations of carbohydrates in the biofilm matrix, besides substantially affecting biofilms’ structure. In conclusion, HMPnano and F promoted higher antibiofilm effects compared with its micrometric counterpart for most of the parameters assessed.

biofouling

Effects of nano-sized sodium hexametaphosphate on the viability, metabolism, matrix composition, and structure of dual-species biofilms of  Streptococcus mutans  and  Candida albicans