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Childhood- onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is a multisystem inflammatory disease that can lead to severe clinical conditions resulting in early comorbidities. Several genetic, environmental, and immunological factors are known to influence the onset of the disease. MiRNAs have been already considered as potential actors involved in the development and activity of the SLE. Thus, understanding the behavior of these regulators can contribute to clarify the inflammatory process affecting SLE patients. Among miRNAs, miR-125b-5p and miR-9-5p targeting  NFKB1  and  TRAF6  genes can be involved in the etio-pathogenesis of the disease by modulating inflammation. In this study we evaluated miR-9-5p and miR-125b-5p expression and its target genes  NFKB1  and  TRAF6  in peripheral blood samples (PBMC) from the 35 cSLE patients and 35 healthy controls. MiRNAs and gene target expression have been evaluated by using RT-PCR with specific TaqMan ®  probes. Both miR-9-5p [Fold Change (FC) = −2.21;  p  = 0.002] and miR-125b-5p (FC= −3.30;  p  &lt; 0.0001) and  NFKB1  ( FC  = −1.84;  p  &lt; 0.001) were downregulated in cSLE patients, while  TRAF6  was upregulated (FC = 1.80;  p  = 0.006) in cSLE patients when compared to controls. A significant correlation was found between miR-125b-5p and its target gene  NFKB1  [Spearman (r) = 0.47;  p  = 0.023]. Our results showed miR-125b-5p and miR-9-5p differential expression in cSLE patients, possibly contributing to better understanding the role of these regulators in cSLE development and disease pathogenesis.

Expression of the miR-9-5p, miR-125b-5p and its target gene NFKB1 and TRAF6 in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE)