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A diverse charophyte assemblage from the Middle Miocene of the Vallès‒Penedès and Vilanova basins (Catalonia, NE Spain) is here described and illustrated for the first time. This flora has been recovered from three localities: els Casots (Subirats), Vilobí del Penedès, and Mas de l´Alonso‒el Pi Gros (Vilanova i La Geltrú). The charophyte assemblages comprise ten different species distributed among three distinctive aquatic environments, and are approximately simultaneous to major fossil vertebrate sites of these basins.  Sphaerochara ulmensis, Chara  cf.  vulgaris, Chara molassica  var.  notata, Lychnothamnus barbatus  var.  antiquus, Lychnothamnus  sp.,  Nitellopsis  ( Tectochara )  merianii , and  Nitellopsis  sp. occur associated to abraded benthic foraminifera in organic-rich claystones related to palustrine and shallow freshwater coastal lakes.  Lamprothamnium papulosum  forms monospecific assemblages in gypsum-claystone alternations attributed to a coastal brackish water salina.  Chara  cf.  hispida  and  Chara  sp. are found to be associated with ostracods in marls and limestones related to a permanent oligohaline and alkaline lake. The discovery of this aquatic flora sheds new light on the palaeoenvironmental conditions that prevailed in the Vallès‒Penedès Basin during the Langhian in the context of the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum and in the Vilanova Basin during the Serravallian.

Palaeoecology of Middle Miocene charophytes from the Vallès‒Penedès and Vilanova basins (Catalonia, Spain)