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Parataxidea  is a Late Miocene-Early Pliocene genus of omnivorous mustelids best known from the fossil record of China. Here we report a new skull of  Parataxidea  sp. from the Liushu Formation, Linxia Basin, which is unusual in having abnormal cellular hyperplasia in the region of P4-M1 on maxillae and a bulbous bone growth on the right side. The hyperplasia and bulbous growth resulted in the damage of the left P4, infilling of left M1 alveolus, and closed right P4-M1 alveoli. Initial medical CT scanning revealed the outer edge of the hyperplasia to be denser than the other bone tissue. Additional scanning using a micro-CT revealed evidence of fibrous tissue and mineraliz、sed irregular cementicle within the hyperplasia. These characteristics are consistent with ossifying fibroma, a kind of benign odontogenic tumour well-documented in the medical literature and that commonly occurs in the faces and jaws of humans. In the case of the  Parataxidea  specimen, the tumours do not appear to have been the direct cause of death, but the resulting tooth loss likely interfered with normal feeding. This is the first record of Ossifying Fibroma Mustelidae.

A palaeopathological specimen of the Late Miocene Parataxidea sp. (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Linxia Basin, China