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Fossil camelids (Artiodactyla, Camelidae) record for Mexican Late Pleistocene is constituted by  Camelops hesternus, Hemiauchenia macrocephala, Hemiauchenia gracilis , and  Palaeolama mirifica . It analysed dental microwear and carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in teeth enamel of  C. hesternus, H. macrocephala  and  H. gracilis  from two fossil sites (LC-PT, and LP-SA) in west-central Mexico, gaining knowledge about camelids palaeoecology (diet and habitat). Microwear and δ 13 C values indicate that  C. hesternus  from both sites had a browser diet with a preference for C 3 -C 4  plants, while  H. macrocephala  from LC-PT was browser with a predilection for C 3  plants, and  H. gracilis  from LC-PT had a mixed feeder diet with a preference for C 3  plants. The δ 18 O and the aridity index show that camelids in central Mexico were evaporation-sensitive taxa. The results suggest that LC-PT had a heterogeneous environment composed of open areas and closed zones, temperatures between 13.95°C and 19.9°C and extreme seasonal changes. The environment in LP-SA was dominated by open areas, with small closed vegetation patches, a temperature of 16.29°C, and less seasonal variation. The aridity index indicates relatively drier conditions at LP-SA than at LC-PT. Camelid dietary ecology provides an initial reconstruction of a regional paleoenvironment, with diverse ecosystems present.

Environmental inferences based on the dietary ecology of camelids from west-central Mexico during the Late Pleistocene