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Various insect taxa are known to modify bone with their mandibles, including members of the orders Dermestidae, Tenebrionidae, Calliphoridae, Tineidae and Termitidae. Dermestidae are one of the most frequently inferred causal agent of bone surface modifications but little neoichnological/actualistic data exists to support such inferences. The primary aims of this investigation were to determine the nature of bone damage caused by the cosmopolitan species  Dermestes maculatus  and develop an interpretative framework to aid in the identification on modern and fossil and differentiation of associated bone. Four experiments were conducted utilising 79 bones exposed to  D. maculatus  for a period of 4 months. Five primary modification types were established for  D. maculatus  including furrows, destruction of bone, boreholes, striae, and three classes of pits. This study has vindicated  D. maculatus  as a causal agent of reported instances of bone surface modifications in existing archaeological and palaeontological literature, and more focussed studies may find greater application within the forensic sciences.

Modern bone modification by dermestes maculatus and criteria for the recognition of dermestid traces in the fossil record