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To compare variations in condylar morphology (CM) in panoramic images with those demonstrated in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to investigate factors related to the variations. Three thousand panoramic images were analyzed for CM classification and relationship between CM and patient factors. Then, CM of 178 cases of panoramic and CBCT images were compared. CM was classified into five types: round (70.63%), pointed (15.12%), angled (8.43%), flat (4.53%), and irregular (1.28%). CM was significantly related to all patient factors ( p  &lt; 0.001). Round CM in panoramic images presented as round in CBCT images. Pointed and flat CM were observed mainly in the lateral aspect of the condyle, and no angle-shaped CM was found, according to CBCT images. Round, flat, and pointed CM seen on panoramic images possibly reflected the actual shape of the condyle, as confirmed by CBCT, whereas angled CM appeared not to exist.

Understanding the mandibular condyle morphology on panoramic images: A cone beam computed tomography comparison study