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Additives play an important role in the recycling of complex refractory iron ore by coal-based reduction to improve the self-sufficiency rate of the ore. In this work, the influence mechanisms of CaF 2 , Na 2 CO 3 , and MgCO 3  additives on the coal-based reduction of complex refractory iron ore were studied by x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. The results indicate the three additives could greatly improve the quality of reduction and magnetic separation products. A reduction product metallization degree 93.42%, iron grade 91.23%, and iron recovery 95.48% were obtained under conditions of CaF 2  dosage 6%, reduction temperature 1225 °C, and reduction time 50 min. These results were 3.38%, 8.09%, and 0.39% higher, respectively, than could be obtained without additives. The CaF 2 , and the Na 2 O and MgO produced by the decomposition of Na 2 CO 3  and MgCO 3 , could not only replace the FeO from (Mg,Fe)SiO 4  and FeAl 2 O 4 , but also react with SiO 2  and Al 2 O 3  in ore to form their corresponding complex compounds. Moreover, all compounds were benefitted by the increase of the FeO content. The F −  ion could replace the O 2-  ion in the silicon oxygen tetrahedron to reduce the viscosity and surface tension of reduced ore, thus reducing the resistance of iron particle aggregation and growth. In addition, the formation of a local micro melting phase under the action of additives could promote the diffusion of crystalline particles, which is more conducive to the reduction of iron minerals and the formation and growth of iron particles.

Influence Mechanisms of Additives on Coal-based Reduction of Complex Refractory Iron Ore