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In humans, blood circulating IgM + IgD + CD27 +  B cells are considered analogous to those described in the marginal zone of the spleen and are involved in important immunological processes. The homing receptors they express, and the organs involved in their development (for example, intestinal organs in rabbits) are only partially known. We recently reported that this population is heterogeneous and composed of at least two subsets: one expressing high levels of IgM – IgM hi  B cells – and another low levels – IgM lo  B cells. To evaluate the expression of homing receptors on IgD + CD27 +  IgM hi  and IgM lo  B cells and quantify their frequencies in blood of control and appendectomized and/or tonsillectomized volunteers. Using spectral flow cytometry, the simultaneous expression of 12 previously reported markers that differentiate IgM hi  B cells and IgM lo  B cells and of α4β7, CCR9, CD22 and CCR10 were evaluated in blood circulating B cells of control and appendectomized and/or tonsillectomized volunteers. The existence of phenotypically defined IgM lo  and IgM hi  B cell subsets was confirmed. They differentially expressed intestinal homing receptors, and the expression of α4β7 and CCR9 seems to determine new IgM subpopulations. IgM lo  and IgM hi  B cells were detected at lower frequencies in the appendectomized and/or tonsillectomized volunteers relative to controls. Human blood circulating IgD + CD27 +  IgM lo  and IgM hi  B cell subsets differentially express homing receptors, and it is necessary to investigate if mucosal organs are important in their development.

Expression of Homing Receptors in IgM + IgD + CD27 + B Cells and Their Frequencies in Appendectomized and/or Tonsillectomized Individuals