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Chagas disease (CD), caused by  Trypanosoma cruzi , is a major public health issue worldwide affecting 6–7 million people, mainly in Latin America. The complement system plays a crucial role in host immune defense against  T. cruzi  infection and during the chronic phase of CD; however, the role of the MBL-associated serine protease 1 ( MASP1 ) gene encoding MASP-1, MASP-3, and MAp44 complement proteins has not yet been reported in CD. This study investigated the possible association between  MASP1  gene polymorphisms and MASP-3 protein serum levels in chronic CD and its clinical forms. Five polymorphisms of  MASP1  gene regulatory regions were genotyped in 214 patients with CD and 197 healthy controls ( rs7609662 G&gt;A ,  rs13064994 C&gt;T ,  rs72549262 C&gt;G ,  rs1109452 C&gt;T  and  rs850314 G&gt;A ). MASP-3 serum levels were assessed in 70 patients and 66 healthy controls. Clinical data, serum levels of complement proteins (ficolin-2, ficolin-3 and MBL) and inflammatory markers (pentraxin-3 and hsCRP) were also included in the analyses. A significant association of the  MASP1 GC_CCA  haplotype with CD (p adj = 0.002; OR 3.17 [1.19–8.39]) and chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) (p adj = 0.013; OR 4.57 [1.37–15.16] was observed. MASP-3 and pentraxin-3 levels were positively correlated in the patients (rho = 0.62; p = 0.0001). MASP-3 levels were not associated with  MASP1  polymorphisms or CD and its clinical forms. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between MASP-3 levels and that of ficolin-2, ficolin-3, MBL and hsCRP. Our findings suggest a possible role for the  MASP1 GC_CCA  haplotype in susceptibility to chronic CD and CCC clinical forms.

MASP1 Gene Polymorphism and MASP-3 Serum Levels in Patients with Chronic Chagas Disease